Which of the following contributes most significantly to asbestos disturbance during renovations?

The renovation of plumbing or HVAC systems contributes most significantly to asbestos disturbance during renovations because these systems often involve the excavation or modification of building materials that may contain asbestos. Asbestos was commonly used in insulation, pipe wrap, and ductwork due to its fire-resistant properties. When renovations occur, especially in areas where these materials may be present, there is a heightened risk of disturbing asbestos fibers, which can then become airborne and pose significant health risks if inhaled.

In contrast, moving furniture generally does not involve any structural changes that might disturb asbestos-containing materials. While replacing roofing materials could potentially disturb some asbestos, it typically occurs in a more controlled environment where measures can be taken to manage any risks. Painting interior walls is an activity that usually doesn't involve disturbing underlying materials, so it also has a lower risk of asbestos disturbance compared to the mechanical and structural changes associated with plumbing or HVAC renovations. Therefore, the correct answer points to the higher potential for asbestos disturbance associated with plumbing and HVAC work during renovations.