Which entity requires a medical surveillance program to be established for certain employees?

The requirement for a medical surveillance program for certain employees in the context of asbestos exposure falls under the jurisdiction of OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. OSHA sets regulations to minimize workplace hazards, including those related to exposure to asbestos.

The establishment of medical surveillance programs is specifically intended to monitor employees who are at risk of exposure to hazardous materials, like asbestos, and to ensure that any health issues arising from that exposure are identified and managed promptly. These programs involve periodic health evaluations, which can include medical histories, physical examinations, and various tests to detect any early signs of asbestos-related diseases.

Additionally, while entities like the EPA and NIOSH play significant roles in environmental protection and occupational health research, respectively, they do not directly impose requirements for medical surveillance programs for workers exposed to asbestos in the same manner that OSHA does. The CDC focuses on public health but does not directly enforce workplace health regulations; instead, it provides guidance and research support. Hence, OSHA's specific mandate to oversee employee safety and health makes it the correct answer in this context.