What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes friable asbestos from non-friable asbestos?

The distinction between friable and non-friable asbestos lies primarily in the physical properties of the materials, particularly their ability to release fibers into the air. Friable asbestos is defined as asbestos material that can be easily crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to a powder by hand pressure. This property is crucial because when friable asbestos deteriorates or is disturbed, it can release a significant number of airborne asbestos fibers that pose serious health risks when inhaled.

In contrast, non-friable asbestos is more rigid and does not crumble easily. It tends to have a lower risk of emitting dangerous fibers during normal conditions, which makes it less hazardous. Non-friable products can include materials like asbestos cement shingles or tiles which maintain their integrity under normal use.

Understanding this distinction helps in assessing and managing asbestos-related risks effectively, particularly during demolition or renovation activities where asbestos-containing materials might be disturbed.